[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.lejhanec.cz\/jak-se-ekonomika-menila-od-socialistickeho-smeru-az-po-keynesianstvi\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.lejhanec.cz\/jak-se-ekonomika-menila-od-socialistickeho-smeru-az-po-keynesianstvi\/","headline":"Jak se ekonomika m\u011bnila od socialistick\u00e9ho sm\u011bru a\u017e po keynesi\u00e1nstv\u00ed","name":"Jak se ekonomika m\u011bnila od socialistick\u00e9ho sm\u011bru a\u017e po keynesi\u00e1nstv\u00ed","description":"V polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed se politick\u00e1 ekonomie rozd\u011blila na socialismus a neoklasicismus. Zakladatelem socialistick\u00e9ho sm\u011bru se stal K. Marx. Mo\u017en\u00e1 V\u00e1m je toto jm\u00e9no pov\u011bdom\u00e9, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ve spojitosti s jeho nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u00edlem Kapit\u00e1l. Jeho rozbor kapitalizmu vych\u00e1z\u00ed z pracovn\u00ed teorie hodnoty. K. Marx podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f odhalil proces sebedestrukce kapitalismu, p\u0159esun p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f z pr\u00e1ce na...<p class=\"more-link-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lejhanec.cz\/jak-se-ekonomika-menila-od-socialistickeho-smeru-az-po-keynesianstvi\/\" class=\"more-link\">P\u0159e\u010d\u00edst<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &ldquo;Jak se ekonomika m\u011bnila od socialistick\u00e9ho sm\u011bru a\u017e po keynesi\u00e1nstv\u00ed&rdquo;<\/span> &raquo;<\/a><\/p>","datePublished":"2020-03-07","dateModified":"2023-05-17","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.lejhanec.cz\/author\/devene\/#Person","name":"devene","url":"https:\/\/www.lejhanec.cz\/author\/devene\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1a78ecc0e437eba31014e33ef1099b06183f235c76cc2a60652b6bba7126ee97?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1a78ecc0e437eba31014e33ef1099b06183f235c76cc2a60652b6bba7126ee97?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"lejhanec.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.lejhanec.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a372677_w4255_t1584086636.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.lejhanec.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a372677_w4255_t1584086636.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.lejhanec.cz\/jak-se-ekonomika-menila-od-socialistickeho-smeru-az-po-keynesianstvi\/","about":["Ekonomika"],"wordCount":390,"articleBody":"V polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed se politick\u00e1 ekonomie rozd\u011blila na socialismus a neoklasicismus. Zakladatelem socialistick\u00e9ho sm\u011bru se stal K. Marx. Mo\u017en\u00e1 V\u00e1m je toto jm\u00e9no pov\u011bdom\u00e9, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ve spojitosti s jeho nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u00edlem Kapit\u00e1l. Jeho rozbor kapitalizmu vych\u00e1z\u00ed z pracovn\u00ed teorie hodnoty. K. Marx podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f odhalil proces sebedestrukce kapitalismu, p\u0159esun p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f z pr\u00e1ce na kapit\u00e1l a krizi z nadv\u00fdroby.&#13; Neoklasick\u00e1 ekonomie navazuje na klasickou politickou ekonomii, a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na my\u0161lenky A. Smitha. Neoklasick\u00e1 ekonomie se za\u010dala formovat od 70. let 19. stolet\u00ed. Jej\u00ed pozornost se soust\u0159e\u010fuje na zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed podm\u00ednek tr\u017en\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy, na vztah nab\u00eddky, popt\u00e1vky a ceny. Tento sm\u011br se d\u00e1le rozli\u0161uje na t\u0159i \u0161koly \u2013 rakouskou, kter\u00e1 se zam\u011b\u0159ovala na teorii mezn\u00edho u\u017eitku, lausannskou, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdvala teori\u00ed celkov\u00e9 rovnov\u00e1hy a na cambridgeskou, kter\u00e1 pracovala na teorii d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy.&#13; V souvislosti s Velkou hospod\u00e1\u0159skou kriz\u00ed v letech 1929 a\u017e 1933 za\u010dala \u0159ada st\u00e1t\u016f prov\u00e1d\u011bt rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1sahy do ekonomiky. Na tomto z\u00e1kladu vzniklo u\u010den\u00ed anglick\u00e9ho ekonoma Johna M. Keynese. Tento ekonom se zab\u00fdval teoretick\u00fdm zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm nutnosti z\u00e1sahu st\u00e1tu do ekonomiky. Hlavn\u00ed Keynesova pr\u00e1ce Obecn\u00e1 teorie zam\u011bstnanosti, \u00faroku a pen\u011bz vy\u0161la poprv\u00e9 v roce 1936. Jeho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 politika zd\u016fraz\u0148uje nejen nutnost z\u00e1sah\u016f do ekonomiky, ale tak\u00e9 pru\u017enost regulac\u00ed. Regulace by m\u011bli b\u00fdt uzp\u016fsobeny podle v\u00fdvoje n\u00e1rodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Jako hlavn\u00ed c\u00edle hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 politiky definoval vysok\u00fd stupe\u0148 zam\u011bstnanosti a rovnov\u00e1\u017en\u00fd r\u016fst. Hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu nezam\u011bstnanosti vid\u011bl v nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 popt\u00e1vce. Jendou z hlavn\u00edch my\u0161lenek, kter\u00e9 bychom si z tohoto sm\u011bru m\u011bli vz\u00edt je ta, \u017ee by st\u00e1t m\u011bl v dob\u011b recese podporovat r\u016fst popt\u00e1vky po produktech a slu\u017eb\u00e1ch t\u00edm, \u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed v\u00fddaje ze st\u00e1tn\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu. V dob\u011b ekonomick\u00e9ho r\u016fstu by se naopak m\u011bl zam\u011b\u0159it na tvorbu rezerv.&#13; Souhlas\u00edte s keynesi\u00e1nsk\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem sm\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed? Je podle V\u00e1s prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9?&#13; &#13;                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Jak se ekonomika m\u011bnila od socialistick\u00e9ho sm\u011bru a\u017e po keynesi\u00e1nstv\u00ed","item":"https:\/\/www.lejhanec.cz\/jak-se-ekonomika-menila-od-socialistickeho-smeru-az-po-keynesianstvi\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]